Overview

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum) using a flexible tube with a camera. It is primarily used to detect colorectal cancer, polyps, inflammation, or other abnormalities. The procedure is usually performed under mild sedation to minimize discomfort. A colonoscopy helps in the early detection and prevention of serious gastrointestinal conditions. During the procedure, tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken, and polyps or abnormal growths can be removed.

Conditions

• Colorectal cancer
• Polyps
• Ulcerative colitis
• Crohn's disease
• Diverticulosis
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Rectal bleeding
• Anemia of unknown cause
• Chronic diarrhea
• Bowel obstruction

Causes

• Early detection of colorectal cancer
• Removal of polyps to prevent cancer
• Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases
• Ability to biopsy suspicious tissues
• Real-time examination of gastrointestinal symptoms

Treatments

• Bleeding from biopsy or polyp removal
• Perforation of the colon
• Adverse reaction to sedation
• Infection
• Abdominal pain or cramping after the procedure